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5TATL OF OHIO 
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 

BULLETIN No. 4. 1914 WHOLL NUMBER 4 



CERTIFICATION OF 
TEACHER5 




DECEMBER, 1914 



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STATE OF OHIO 
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 

BULLETIN No. 4, 1914 WHOLE NUMBER 4 



Certification of Teachers 



LAWS, DECISIONS AND RULINGS 



Concerning the Granting of Certificates 

with or without Examination by 

City, County and State Boards 

of School Examiners 



THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 

FRANK W. MILLER, Superintendent 



DECEMBER, 1914 



Columbus, Ohio : 

The F. J. Heer Printing Co. 

19 14 

Bound at the State Bindery. 



•V^^ 



O. of D, 
PR 14 l2 i; 



CERTIFICATION OF TEACHERS IN OHIO. 



I . Teachers' certificates of certain forms are granted by 

(A) The State Board of School Examiners. 

(B) The Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

(C) County Boards of School Examiners. 

(D) City Boards of School Examiners. 

(A) The State Board of Examiners issues life certificates as 
follows : 

fEIementary 

(a) Upon examination \ High School 
Special 

(b) Without examination 

^ , , , , , . fEIementary 

1. After twenty-four months tcacliuuj lys-^-i c y. i 

on State provisional certificate 1 s '^ ' 1 

2. To holders of degrees from 
approved colleges 



i High School 



(B) The Superintendent of Public Instruction issues certificates 
as follows : 

fEIementary 

(a) Provisional certificates for four years ^High School 

[Special 

(b) Renewals 

fEIementary 

1. Five-year -|[ High School 

[Special (including Special Primary) 

fEIementary 

2. Eight-year -j High School 

[Special (including Special Primary) 

A brief outline of certificates in this State is given in Bulletin No. 2, 
September, 1914, and a discussion of certification of graduates of normal 
training classes is given in Bulletin No. 1, August, 1914. 

Preference should be given to the text of this bulletin where it is at. 
variance with that of former bulletins. 



(C) The County Boards of Examiners issue certificates as follows: 
(a) Original certificates 

1st. Upon Examination 

fElementary 

1. One-year -| High School 

I^Special 

fElementary 

2. Three-year -j High School 

I Special 

fElementary 

3. Temporary vahd until l^jgj^g^j^^-^j . 

September 1st ^^^^^.^^ 

2iid. Without Exaiiiiiiatioii 

' fElementarv 

1. Emergency when shortage I High School ' 

of teachers c - , 

[Special 

fElementary 

2. Temporary until next tt- i c- u " i 

. .- { High School 

examination i c • , 

I Special 

fElementarv 
t]. To non-graduates complet- tt- i c i " i 
° i High School 

ing one-year normal course i Sp^^-i^j 

4. To high school graduates fElementary 
completing one-year nor- ^ Hig'h School 
mal course I Special 

fElementarv 

0. To holders of certificates I Higl, School 
granted by other boards Special 

(fb) Renewals 

ist. Of certificates granted under old laxvs 

fElementary 

High School 

1. Two-vear -> e • , 

I Special 

[Special Primary 

fElementary 
High School 

2. Three-year >, gpedal 

[Special Primary 

2nd. Of certificates granted under new laws 

fElementarv 
1. Three-year by examination ^ High School 

[Special 



2. One-year to those completing one-year nor- 
mal course 

(Elementary 
High School 
Special 

fElementary 
(b) For three years J High School 
[Special 

(D) The City Boards of Examiners issue certificates as follows: 
(a) Original certificates 

1st. Upon Examination 

{Elementary 
Hig'h School 
Special 

(^Elementary 
2. Three-year -^ Higli School 
[Special 



2nd. Without Examination 

^Elementary 
lool 



- ™ ., fElementar 

1. temporary until next tt- i c u 
. .' < High Schc 



examination ■ c • i 

I Special 

n T- 1 , J r — fElementary 

I. io holders of certilicates tj- . c u ? 

< High School 

granted bv other boards c ■ i 
[Special 

(b) Renewals 

1st. Of certificates granted tinder old laws 

fElementary 

1. Two-year -| Hig'h School 

[Special 

fElementary 

2. Three-year ^ High School 

[Special 

2nd. Of certificates granted under new laws 

(Elementary 
Higli School 
Special 

fElementary 
2. Three-year -j Higti School 
[Special 



2. The lotus of the State regarding the certification of teachers 
underwent a radical change taking effect May 19th, 1914. 
But all certificates issued 'under the old law remain valid 
for their full period. 

LIFE CERTIFICATES. 

3. Life certificates are granted only by the State Board of 
School Examiners, but they are countersigned by the Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction. The State Board of 
School Examiners issues no certificates other than State 
life certificates. 

4. Meetings of the State Board of School Examiners are held 
in the latter part of June and of December of each year. 
Certificates will be granted by this Board only at the time 
of a semi-annual meeting, but all applications for cer- 
tificates at their hands must be filed with the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction thirty days before the meeting. The 
exact date of the next meeting and an application blank may 
be secured by addressing the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction, Columbus, Ohio. A person requesting a blank 
should state whether application is to be made for cer- 
tificate by examination or without examination. The 
statutes provide that each appHcant shall pay a fee of five 
dollars. This is collected when the applicant appears be- 
fore the examiners. 

Life Certificates Without Examination: 

5. TJie holder of a degree from a college that has been ap- 
proved by the Superintendent of Public Instruction may 
upon satisfactory evidence that he has completed fifty 
months of successful teaching in public schools secure a 
life high school certificate without examination. The ap- 
plicant must satisfy the Examiners as to his success in 
teaching. The fifty months of experience must have been 
in Ohio unless the applicant is teaching in Ohio. An ap- 
plicant under this law must appear before the Board on 
the first day of the semi-annual meeting. The approval of 
colleges by the Superintendent of Public Instruction prior 
to the date that the law went into effect will not govern in 
determining the standing of a college. No institution will 



be approved that does not require for a degree four years 
of study after graduation frorn a first grade high school. 
No elementary or special life certificates are granted on col- 
lege or normal credits. On such credits state provisional 
certificates may be granted as explained below. The life 
high school certificates issued under this law are valid for 
teaching in elementary schools also. 

6. The holder of a state provisional certificate may, upon satis- 
factory evidence that he has completed twenty-four months 
of successful teaching in public schools after securing that 
provisional certificate, secure a life certificate of the same 
kind (high school, elementary or special) without examina- 
tion. The applicant must satisfy the Examiners as to his 
success in teaching. The twenty- four months of experience 
may be within or without this State, but the Examiners 
cannot promise to accept it unless they can secure definite 
information from sources known to them. The provisional 
certificate may be one secured under the old or new law. 
Such life certificates will not be granted unless application 
is made within five months after the expiration of the pro- 
visional certificate. Applicants under this law must ap- 
pear before the Board on the first day of the semi-annual 
meeting. 

Life Certificates on Examination: 

7. After January first, 191 3, no one will be permitted to take 
the examination for a life certificate of any kind who is 
not a graduate of a first grade high school and has not had 
a year's course in an approved college or normal school. 
These conditions are prerequisites for admission to the ex- 
amination : fulfilling these conditions does not entitle one 
to a certificate without examination. This requirement is 
to be increased January ist, 1920, to a two years' course in 
college or normal school. Applicants must file official evi- 
dence of college or normal school attendance and credits. 
Fifty months of successful experience in teaching is also re- 
quired for eligibility to such certificates. Experience in 
other states is valid if approved. 

8. Elementary life certificates are issued on examination in 
orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar 



8 

and composition, geography, history of the United States, 
physiology, scientific temperance, literature, elementary ag- 
riculture, elementary algebra, elementary physics, physical 
geography, and theory and practice of teaching. Only those 
are eligible to take the examination who present evidence 
satisfactory to the Board that they have completed fifty 
months of successful teaching in public schools. 
9. High school life certificates are issued to holders of ele- 
mentary life certificates on examination in geometry, high 
school English, either Latin or German, civil government, 
advanced algebra, advanced physics, psychology, history of 
■education, science of education, and three branches selected 
from the following: German or Latin, chemistry, botany, 
zoology, geology, astronomy, trigonometi-y, economics, man- 
ual training, and home economics. The applicant must 
prove continued success in teaching. As holders of ele- 
mentary life certificates issued under the Hawkins Law by 
the State Board of School Examiners secured them with- 
out examination, they can secure high school life certificates 
only on examination by the Board in the elementary and 
high school branches. 

10. Special life certificates are issued in penmanship, drawing, 
music, physical training, manual training, homic economics, 
and such other subjects as are required to be taught by 
special teachers or supervisors. An applicant for a special 
certificate must be examined in the special branch or 
branches and in English, theory and practice of teaching, 
history of education and science of education. The ex- 
perience qualifications are the same as for the elementary 
life certificates by examination. 

11. Holders of state certificates in other states may receive 
credit at the discretion of the Board in the subjects covered 
by their certificates. Only life certificates or state certifi- 
cates of the highest grade, secured by examination, are given 
recognition. Evidence of successful teaching satisfactory 
to the Board must be furnished and the applicant must ap- 
pear before the Board and must take the examination in the 
subjects not covered by the certificate. Such applicants will 
also be required to have the scholastic preparation required 



i 



for admission to the examination for a life certificate in this 
State as specified above. 

12. A fee of fifty cents will be charged for a duplicate of an 
Ohio life certificate lo,st by the holder. 

STATE PROVISIONAL CERTIFICATES. 

13. Four-year state /provisional certificates are granted by the 
Superintendent of Public Instruction. The provisional cer- 
tificates are elementary, high school, or special. These are 
the only kinds of certificates granted by the Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, except renewals of five- and eight- 
year certificates. 

14. Only graduates of approved colleges or normal schools may 
be granted provisional certificates by the Superintendent of 
Public Instruction. A list of colleges and schools approved 
for preparation for the several provisional certificates is 
made by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The ap- 
proval of a college or school for another purpose or under 
another law does not involve its approval for this purpose 
or under this law. An applicant for such a certificate must 
also be a graduate of a first grade high school or have the 
equivalent of that work, besides the college and normal 
work detailed below for the several certificates. 

15 . The fee for a state provisional certificate of any kind is one 
dollar. The fee will Ije returned if the application is re- 
jected. Application must be made on a form which is fur- 
nished by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The 
application accompanied by the fee, and by a detailed tran- 
script of credits from the college or normal school upon 

- graduation from whicli the application is based, is to be 
hied with the Superintendent of Public Instruction, Co- 
lumbus, Ohio : but graduates of the state normal schools at 
Athens and Kent, and of the Teachers' College of the Uni- 
versity of Cincinnati need not file such transcripts of credits, 
as these schools have furnished complete lists of graduates 
entitled to the respective certificates; while a graduate of 
the state normal at Oxford should send the fee of one 
dollar to the Dean of that Institution, with the request that 
he furnish to this office the credentials required— but in all 



10 

cases the blank to be filled out by the graduate is to be for- 
warded direct to this ofifice. 
i6. Provisional certificates are dated from the preceding Sep- 
tember I if applied for before May i of any school year. 
If applied for after that date they are dated from the fol- 
lowing September i. 

7. All state provisional certificates are valid for four years in 
any school district in the State. After twenty-four months 
of successful teaching on such certificate the holder may 
secure from the State Board of School Examiners by ap- 
pearing before them at the time of the semi-annual meeting, 
and upon furnishing the evidence and paying the fee as 
stated above in section 6, a.life certificate of like kind with- 
out examination. 

iS. Teachers of experience are excused from none of the re- 
quirements for state provisional certificates except that of 
practice teaching and observation of teaching, or a part of 
that requirement on the following basis : those who have 
taught for five years are not required to file any credit in 
practice teaching and observation of teaching; those who 
have taught less than five years are excused from as many 
fifths of the number of semester hours of practice teaching 
and observation of teaching prescribed below as they have 
had years of experience in teaching. But those who are ex- 
cused from the practice teaching and observation of teach- 
ing, or part of it, must have at least thirty semester hours 
of professional credit, so their credits in some other sub- 
jects may have to be greater than would be necessary if 
they presented the full amount of credit in practice teach- 
ing and observation. 

19, Graduates of the past of institutions approved under the 
new provisional certificate laws may secure the certificates 
provided they have in full the academic and professional re- 
quirements as they are now prescribed. They may make 
arrangements with the institutions from which they were 
graduated to make up in Summer school or otherwise all 
credits which they may lack, and the certificates may be 
issue! when the college or normal school certifies that the 
credits are complete, 



II 

20. Institutions outside of Ohio will for the most part not be 
visited and listed by this Department as approved schools. 
But after the school year 1914-1915 the cases of graduates 
of all such schools will be considered and passed upon 
individually, and if the applicant has the amount and sort 
of credit required and if the institution is accredited for 
the training- of teachers by the state in which it is situated, 
the certificates may be issued. 

21 . Holders of state certificates in other states cannot thereby 
secure certificates from the Superintendent of Public In- 
struction. Their credentials will be considered by the 
State Board of School Examiners as explained in Section 
ri above only in case their certificates were secured by ex- 
amination. 

22. Elementary provisional certificates are granted only to those 
who complete a two years course and secure a diploma from 
an approved institution for the training of teachers. No 
institution receives approval which does not require as an 
entrance condition graduation from a first grade high school 
(a high school approved by the State Department of Pub- 
lic Instruction for four years of academic study), and 
which does not require for a diploma of graduation in the 
elementary teachers' course the following professional train- 
ing: a total of thirty semester hours, including a minimum 
of two semester hours in Psychology, two in Primary or 
Special Methods, four in General Methods, three in History 
of Education, three in Science or Principles of Education, 
three in School Organization and Course of Study, and four 
in Practice Teaching and Observation of Teaching. A 
semester hour is an Jioiirs recitation per week for eighteen 
zveeks. If the actual number of hours spent in the classroom 
is divided by 18 the quotient is semester hours. 

23 . High school provisional certificates are granted only to 
holders of degrees from approved institutions for the train- 
ing of high school teachers. No institution receives ap- 
proval which does not require as an entrance condition 
graduation from a first grade high school, and which does 
not require for graduation in the courses designed for the 
preparation of teachers four years of study including the 
following professional training: a total of thirty semester 



12 

hours in education, philosophy, ethics, and sociology, witB 
a minimum of fifteen in education which must include three 
semester hours of Practice Teaching and Observation of 
Teaching, and two semester hours each in History of Edu- 
cation, Science or Principles of Education, Methods (Gen- 
eral or Special), School Organization including Manage- 
ment and School Laws, and Psychology. 

24. Special proznsional certificates are granted only to those who 
complete a special two year course, with training school ex- 
perience, in a,n approved institution for the training of 
teachers in a study or studies required to be taught by 
special teachers or supervisors. No institution receives 
approval which does not require the entrance conditions and 
professional training prescribed above in Section 22 for 
schools approved for preparation for elementary provis- 
ional certificates. 

25 . A fee of tzi'enty-five cents will be charged for a duplicate of 
a state provisional certificate lost by the holder. 

COUNTY CERTIFICATES. 

26. Teachers, in all village and rural school districts must hold 
teachers' certificates valid in the connty in which, such school 
district belongs. County certificates must therefore be held 
by all public school teachers except those teaching in city 
school districts, and those holding state certificates in Ohio, 
or renewals of certificates by the Department of Public 
Instruction of Ohio. In all cases the certificate held must 
correspond with the kind of school taught, being elemen- 
tary, high school, or special in the branch or branches taught 
by a special teacher or supervisor. If a rural elementary 
teacher has a class or classes in higher branches (but not 
in a recognized high school) he is not required on that ac- 
count to hold a high school certificate. A teacher who is 
teaching what is commonly regarded as a special branch 
(such as household economics) must hold a special certifi- 
cate in order to teach it in both elementary and high schools, 
but may teach it in only elementary schools on an elemen- 
tary certificate, or in only high schools on a high school 
certificate. 



13 

27. Superintendents of schools as well as high school teachers 
must hold high school certificates. Superintendents in vil- 

^ lages which are not in county school districts, district su- 
perintendents and superintendents of special supervision 
districts must hold high school certificates valid in the 
county. County superintendents must hold high school 
certificates, the sort depending upon which clause of section 
4744-4, general code, the superintendent qualifies under. 
Principals of consolidated and village schools which have 
high schools must hold high school certificates ; principals 
of those schools which are elementary only must hold ele- 
mentary certificates. Teachers teaching part time in an 
elementary room and part time in a recognized high school 
must hold both certificates. 

28. No person under eighteen years of age can be granted any 
teacher's certificate or be admitted to a written examina- 
tion for any teacher's certificate. 

29. Primary certificates valid in the first four grades were au- 
thorized by a former law, but this has been repealed and 
no such certificates are granted except as renewals of cer- 
tificates formerly issued. 

30 . Five- and eight-year county certificates are valid in all coun- 
ties in the State. However, the laws providing for the is- 
suing of such certificates have been repealed, but the ex- 
isting certificates continue valid as before. Renewals of 
these certificates are made valid in all school districts of the 
State as explained below in Sections 65-71 and 104. 

31. The county superintendent of schools is a member and is 
clerk of the county board of school examiners. He shall 
collect a fee of fifty cents from each applicant for a cer- 
tificate (whether original certificate or renewal) on each 
day of examination. 

32. The moral character of all applicants is to be passed upon 
by the examiners. They may refuse certificates to those 
whose character is not satisfactory. 

Certificates by Examination: 

33. Normal training is a prerequisite for admission to the 
county examination. This training jnust be in a recognized 
institution for the training of teachers. A number of 



14 

summ€r schools were approved for this purpose for their 
summer session of 19 14, including- some schools of tem- 
porary organization. It will be the policy of the Depart- 
ment of Public Instruction, however, to limit its approval 
after a time to schools of permanent standing. Normal 
training secured in the past will be given due credit, if the 
institution in which it was secured is subsequently recog- 
nized ; and if the credentials are not such as county boards 
are authorized to accept by circulars of instruction from the 
State Superintendent, they should be secured in official 
transcript and forwarded by the county superintendent to 
the State Superintendent for evaluation. Likewise, 
credit will be given for work done in approved 
arts colleges so far as fifty per cent, of it is in edu- 
cation and allied subjects. For instance, one having sixty 
semester hours of credit in an arts college of approved 
standing, if that work included six hours of psychology, 
and 3 hours of sociology, could secure credit for 18 hours 
of normal training which is equivalent to eighteen weeks. 
No mere review of common branches will be given credit, 
and it is desired that part of the work taken be professional, 
embracing such subjects as general method, science of ed- 
ucation, pedagogy, school management, and, if practicable, 
practice teaching and observation of teaching. No credit 
may be given for a course not completed with credit or for 
a term of less than six weeks. 

34. Extension work will not be given credit unless it is done 
with an approved school. Such schools will be held re- 
sponsible for the character of the work done in their exten- 
sion classes. Credit will not be given for correspondence 
work unless this work is given full credit with a recognized 
institution. A maximum will be placed on the amount of 
extension work that may be done in one year. This may 
be five semester hours, which may be regarded as the 
equivalent of six weeks of class room instruction. How- 
ever it is not recommended that the first six weeks of 
normal training be secured by extension work. 

35 . The amount of normal training is to increase each year 
until 1920. Six .weeks of training is the requirement for 
1915, twelve weeks for 1916, eighteen weeks for 1917, 



twenty-four weeks for 1918, thirty weeks for 1919, and 
thirty-six weeks for 1920 and thereafter. The amount is 
the same for elementary, high school and special teachers, 
l)ut the training should be in preparation for the respective 
grades of teaching. Certificates of training on forms pre- 
scribed by this Department should be secured from the 
approved schools attended and presented to the county ex- 
aminers. One entitled to such certificate should write to 
the school and secure it. 

36. High school training is a prerequisite for admission to the 
county examination. An applicant for a high school or 
special certificate must have had at least two years of high 
school training; after January i, 1920, this is increased to 
graduation from a first-grade high school. An applicant 
for an elementary certificate must have had one year of 
high school training; after January i, 1920, this is increased 
to two years. In each case the law specifies that the 
ec|uivalent of this training may be offered, and this Depart- 
ment will admit as the equivalent of one year of high school 
training for the present three years of successful teaching 
and one year of certified reading circle credit, or two years 
of teaching and two years of reading circle credit. As the 
equivalent of two years of high school training, double 
these amounts of experience and reading circle work will 
be 'accepted. Ofificial evidence of all required training 
must be presented to the examiners before beginning the 
examination. 

37. Experienced teachers are required to have the normal and 
higli school training or equivalent as specified above in 
order to enter an examination for a certificate. But many 
experienced teachers hold renewable certificates. 

38. A practical test in. actual teaching must be passed by every 
applicant for a county teacher's certificate by examination. 
By law the test shall include three subjects of instruction, 
unless the applicant desires a special certificate, in which, 
case three separate tests shall be given. The practical teach- 
ing test must l>e satisfactorily completed before the appli- 
cant is granted a certificate. Certification of this work in 
the form prescribed in Appendix B of this bulletin must 
be secured by an applicant within thirty days after the last 



i6 

day of the written examination. A prospective applicant 
for a certificate by examination should give notice to the 
county superintendent sixty days before taking the examina- 
tion. If such notice is not given thirty days before taking 
the last half of the examination the board of examiners 
will not be responsible if such teaching test cannot be ar- 
ranged for. In no case can the board of examiners be 
responsible if such test cannot be arranged for if notice 
of the desire to take the examination during the summer 
is not given sixty days before the rural schools adjourn 
for vacation. 

39. The practical test is conducted by a member of the board 
of examiners, a local supervisor, a teacher of method, or 
any other competent person authorized by the county board 
of school examiners. The law prescribes also that "appli- 
cants without previous teaching experience may be given 
such test in the practice department of a recognized sum- 
mer school." The supervisor or teacher of method must be 
definitely delegated by the county board of examiners or 
must have charge of practice work in the summer school. 

40. The rules for the test, th'e method of scoring, etc., will be 
found in Appendix A of this bulletin. The form for the 
score card will be found in Appendix B of the bulletin. De- 
tails for the purpose of suggesting points in good teaching 
will be found in Appendix C. 

41 . Teachers taking the second half of the examination in any 
given year must meet the requirements as to training lawful 
in that year ; it does not suffice to meet the conditions in 
force at the time that the first half of the examination was 
taken. 

42. The grades recommended by the Department of Public In- 
struction are as follows : for a one-year certificate — av- 
erage, 75% ; minimum, 65% : for a 'three-year certificate — 
average, 85%; minimum, 75%; experience, 8 months. It 
is the desire of this Department that the various county 
boards of examiners have rules prescribing these grades. 
It is desired also that the same minimums be required for 
the practical teaching test as for a branch of study, and 
that the grade in practical teaching be averaged with the 
grades in the various branches of study to determine the 



17 

average on which the certificate is issued ; that is, that the 
practical teaching grade be counted the same as a grade in 
one branch. 

43. No one-year county certificate can be renewed, unless it is 
a certificate secured without examination on normal credits 
as explained in sections 59 and 61. Not more than three 
one-year county certificates can be issued, subsequent to 
May, 1914, to the same person. Likewise, not more than 
one original three-year certificate can be issued to the same 
person. But a three-year certificate secured subsequent to 
May, 1914, can be renewed once or twice at the discretion 
of the examiners. For the second and third one-year cer- 
tificates and for the three-year certificates (not the renew- 
als) the amounts of normal and high school training re- 
quired at the dates the respective examinations are taken are 
prerequisite. If a teacher secures a temporary certificate, 
such teacher may secure also the full number of regular 
certificates ; but one who secures two temporary certificates 
may secure but two additional one-year certificates, and 
one who secures three temporary certificates may secure 
but one one-year certificate. The result of this legislation 
is that no teacher, not already regarded as an experienced 
teacher, can continue in the profession in county schools for 
more than about twelve years, unless he secures by the end 
of that period a certificate from some other source than the 
county examiners. This would have to be a state life cer- 
tificate secured as explained under that title above, or a state 
provisional certificate as explained under "State Provisional 
Certificates" above. In either case the teacher must by the 
end of twelve years have secured two years of normal or 
college credits in order to continue elementary teaching. 

44. If a teacher has had the full number of certificates of a 
given kind that is legal in one county, that teacher could 
not legally secure additional certificates of that kind in 
another county. 

45 . One half of the subjects in which an applicant is examined 
may be taken on one day and the remaining subjects not 
later than the second examination day thereafter. More- 
over, if an applicant electing to take the examination in two 
days fails to obtain on the first day a grade of 75% or more 



i8 

in any subject or subjects, such applicant may elect to be 
re-examined in such subject or subjects on the second day 
on which he is to be examined. One who has once com- 
pleted an examination, whether in one or two days, and has 
failed to get satisfactory results cannot be re-examined in 
only a branch or branches in which he has failed ; he must 
take the entire examination again. 
46. The division of subjects between the first and second days 
of examination is by law in the hands of the respective 
county boards of examiners. 
47. The times of holding county examhrntions are fixed by law. 
They are held on the first Saturday of September, October. 
January, March, April and May, and the last Friday of 
June and August. The places of holding the examinations 
are determined by the respective county boards of ex- 
aminers. County boards of examiners are not authorized 
by law to advertise the examinations. 

48. All questions used in county examinations are furnished 
by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and are 
shipped under seal to the county superintendents who are 
ex officio clerks of the county boards of examiners. 

49. The date on zuhich a certificate becomes valid is by law the 
first day of September following the examination, unless 
application is made for a temporary certificate in which 
case the certificate granted as a result of the examination 
will be made valid only until the first day of September 
following. Two certificates, one regular and one temporary, 
cannot be issued on the same examination. 

50. A fee of fifty cents must be paid by each applicant on the 
day of the examination. If the examination is taken on two 
days a fifty cent fee must be paid each day. Some boards 
of examiners require also a postage fee of a few cents. 

51. All papers are graded by the respective county boards of 
examiners. If any applicant believes that his manuscripts 
have been unfairly graded he may review them with the 
member or members of the board having them in charge 
at any time within sixty days after receiving his returns 
from the examination. If he still believes that he has been 
unfairly graded he may forward a fee of one dollar and an 
affidavit setting forth the facts as he believes them and the 



19 

Superintendent of Public Instruction will have the man- 
uscripts sent to his office and regraded. 

52. Uniform, forms for certificates are furnished in sample by 
the Department of Public Instruction and are recommended 
for use of all county boards of examiners. 

53. Applicants for elementary certificates, besides passing the 
' practical teaching test, are examined in reading, arithmetic, 

history of the United States, elementary agriculture, the 
theory and practice of teaching, orthography, writing, Eng- 
lish grammar and composition, geography, physiology in- 
cluding narcotics, and literature. The first five of these 
subjects of examination are given in the forenoon sessions, 
and the last six in the afternoon sessions. 

54. Applicants for high school certificates, besides passing the 
practical teaching test, are examined in algebra, rhetoric, 
physics, the theory and practice of teaching, and at least 
three branches selected by the applicant from the following: 
literature, physiology including narcotics, civil government, 
geometry, physical geography, botany, high school agricul- 
ture, literature, general history, Latin, German, civil 
government and chemistry. Of these subjects, rhetoric, 
physics, theory and practice of teaching, and the 
first six electives are given in the forenoon ses- 
sions, and algebra and the last six electives in 
the afternoon sessions. A holder of a state elemen- 
tary certificate applying for a county high school cer- 
tificate shall be given credit without examination in the sub- 
jects on which he was examined for the state certificate. A 
high school teacher's certificate does not necessarily carry 
grades in the subjects Avhich the teacher is teaching. 

55. Applicants for special certificates, besides passing the prac- 
tical teaching test, are examined in the special subject or 
subjects and in the theory and practice of teaching. Ques- 
tions in Public School Music and Drawing are transmitted 
to each county for each examination. Those desiring ex- 
amination in gymnastics. German, French. Spanish, the 
commercial or industrial branches, or any one of them, 
should apply to the county superintendent in ample time 
for him to secure such special list or lists from the Super- 
intendent of Public Instruction. Those desiring- examina 



20 

tion in commercial or industrial branches should specify just 
what ones are desired. Applicants for short-hand examina- 
tions should state the system used. Those who are to be 
examined in typewriting should arrange to have a machine 
at the /examination room. Applicants for drawing certif- 
icates should have ruler, compasses, charcoal, crayons and 
water color box. 

56. Questions in theory and practice for both elementary and 
high school certificates will be based in part on the Ohio 
teachers' reading circle books in pedagogy of the current 
year. If there are two such books (as in the year 1914- 
1915) there will be three sections of questions of four each; 
two of these sections must be taken entire ; the questions of 
one section will be based on one of the pedagogical books, 
of another section on another, and the questions of the third 
section will be based on no particular book. There will be 
separate sets for elementary and high school teachers. Ap- 
plicants for special certificates may be required to take 
either the elementary or high school theory and practice 
at the discretion of the examiners. The reading circle books 
for a given school year will be made the basis for theory 
and practice questions from the October examination of 
that year to the September examination following, inclusive. 

Certificates Without Examination: 

57. A temporary certificate valid only until the next examina- 
tion may be issued between examinations by a county board 
of school examiners. Such a certificate should not be 
issued to any person who does not possess the qualifications 
in respect to normal and high school training necessary to 
admit him to an examination. Not more than one such 
temporary certificate without examination should be issued 
to the same person in any one year. 

58. An emergency certificate valid for one year may be granted 
by the county board of school examiners with the approval 
of the Superintendent of Public Instruction to an applicant 
who has had as much as one year of experience in teaching 
in the public schools, whenever there is a shortage of teach- 
ers in a given district of a county. Such a certificate should 
not be placed in the hands of an applicant until the case 



21 

has been plainly stated to the Superintendent of Public In- 
struction, after the county superintendent has given the ac- 
tion his endorsement, and the Superintendent of Public In- 
struction has given his formal approval. Such certificates 
may be elementary, high school or special. They are not 
renewable. 

59. Those completing one-year courses with credit in approved 
normal schools may be granted one-year certificates with- 
out examination. The granting of such a certificate is at 
the discretion of the county board of school examiners in 
case such an applicant has not also graduated from a first- 
grade high school ; but the board must grant the certificate 
(unless there are objections on moral grounds) if the ap- 
plicant is such a graduate and is of legal age. But no work 
done previous to the formal recognition of any normal 
school shall serve as a qualification for these certificates. 
For instance: if a normal school is approved in September, 
19 16, the work done in that school in the year ending in 
June, 191 5, will not qualify an applicant to receive such a 
certificate. No school was approved for such purposes be- 
fore September, 191 5, and therefore no credentials earned 
before that date can be accepted. 

60. High school certificates may be granted to those who have 
completed one-year normal courses as prescribed in the 
paragraph above, in case the year of training has been for 
high school teaching. Special certificates may be granted 
under similar conditions. 

61 . A renezval for one year or for three years of such a certif- 
icate issued on normal credits may be granted by a county 
board of school examiners. The certificate may be renewed 
twice for one year, and then three times for three years 
each. Rut if the first or second renewal is for three years, 
onlv two more renewals (for three years each) can be 
granted. A teacher who has taught twelve years on such a 
certificate would not be eligible to take the county examina- 
tion for additional county certificates. The teacher must 
by that time secure a State certificate. But if all county 
certificates and renewals secured under the new law do not 
aggregate twelve years, the teacher might secure additional 
one-year certificates by examination. On the same principle, 



22 

if a teacher has held' one or more certificates by examination 
under the new law, and then secures upon normal training 
a one-year certifica,te, that certificate should not be renewed 
up to an aggregate of twelve years, but only to an aggre- 
gate of twelve years minus the period that the teacher 
taught on certificates secured by examination under the 
new law. 

62. A former lazv which provided that a county board of school 
examiners might make regulations to grant certificates to 
graduates of normal schools and colleges on examination 
in theory and practice of teaching and science of education 
only expired by repeal May 19, 1914. It was required that 
such certificates be issued first for one year, but that they 
might be renewed for longer terms. Original certificates 
issued under this law are not renewable under present laws, 
but two- or three-year certificates already granted as renew- 
als of such certificates may be renewed at the discretion o^ 
the examiners upon evidence of five years of experience in 
teaching in public schools. 

63. Certificates issued by other county and city boards of ex- 
aminers may be presented to a county board of examiners 
for recognition. The examiners at their discretion may 
issue a certificate in their own county, without examination, 
to the holder of such certificate. Examiners may make 
such oral or written tests as they deem wise to assist them 
in determining whether to grant the certificate. An ex- 
amination in agriculture should be required if this subject 
is not found on the certificate presented. A certificate so 
issued must not be for a longer term of years than that for 
which the original certificate was written. But if such a 
certificate is presented for recognition subsequent to Sep- 
tember 1st of any year, and the holder requires a certificate 
for the current school year, the board of examiners in the 

' county in which the holder is to teach may issue a tem- 
porary certificate on it. and at a later regular meeting may 
at their discretion issue on the same certificate a regular 
certificate valid for one or three years from the following- 
September I St, also. The certificate on which such cer- 
tificate is issued is not thereby terminated. 



23 

64. The recognition of certificates from other states was not 
contemplated by this law, and this Department advises that 
no certificates be issued on such certificates. 

Renewals of Certificates : 

65. Five- and eight-year certificates are renewable by the Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction, provided the teacher 
has taught successfully until the time of renewal. These 
five- and eight-year certificates were under the old law pro- 
fessional certificates and they are valid in any county of the 
State. The renewals are valid in any school district of the 
State. But no such professional certificate, if a county ele- 
mentary certificate, Will be renewed unless it has on it a 
grade in agriculture, or is accompanied by a separate certif- 
icate in agriculture for five years or with a grade of at 
least 90 per cent. County boards of examiners are author- 
ized to examine in agriculture, at the time of ai regular 
examination, teachers recjuiring a grade for this purpose. 

66. No subject zvill he added to the statutory branches on the 
renewal, even if there were such subjects on the certificate 
renewed. 

67. Ezndence of normal training is not required for renewals. 

68. An application blank for renewal should be sent for by any 
one desiring such renewal. Address Superintendent of 
Public Instruction, Columbus, Ohio. After February i, 
191 5, no certificate will) be renewed which expired more 
than four months before the date of application for re- 
newal ; up to that date certificates which expired subsequent 
to August 31, 1913, will be considered renewable. Renew- 
als will read from the date of application to a date five or 
eight years from the preceding September ist, until Feb- 
ruary ist, after which time they will be valid for five or 
eight years from the following September ist. Certificates 
expiring at any time during a given school year will be 
renewed at any time within four months of their expiration. 
No certificate will be renewed sooner than indicated in the 
two preceding sentences. 

69. But no certificate will be renewed unless the holder has been 
teaching the year before the application for renewal; except 
in the case of a teacher who has taken a year for study or 



24 

travel, or who has been compelled to retire temporarily on 
account of health or inability to secure a position, provided 
adequate evidence of these facts is presented. Formal em- 
ployment as a regular substitute will be considered as teach- 
ing, provided the services rendered were satisfactory. 

70. Repeated renewals zinli, be granted on the same terms as 
first renewals. 

71. A fee of fifty cents must accompany an application for re- 
newal. Stamps are not accepted. A fee of twenty-five 
cents is charged for a duplicate of a renewal which has 
been lost or destroyed. 

72. Tivo- and three-year certificates under the old law, that is, 
granted previous to May 19, 1914, are renewed by county 
boards of examiners, but can only be renewed in case the 
holder gives proof of five years' successful teaching ex- 
perience. The renewals of these certificates are entirely at 
the discretion of the county boards of examiners of the re- 
spective counties in which the certificates were issued. The 
law does not require normal or high school training as a 
prerequisite for such renewals. A renewal or refusal to 
renew should be determined primarily by the knowledge of 
the teacher possessed by the examiners, and not by an ex- 
amination as in theory and practice, although the latter 
might be used to settle a doubtful case. 

73. If a renetval of a certificate is refused the teacher cannot 
try for a certificate by examination unless the teacher has 
the training prerequisite at that date. 

74. Special certificates including special primary certificates 
granted under the old law, as well as elementary and high 
school certificates, may be renewed as explained in the pre- 
ceding paragraphs. 

75. The law places no limit upon the number of renewals of 
these certificates issued under the old law that may be 
granted in case the teacher has had five years of successful 
experience at the time of the first renewal after May 19, 
1914. 

76. If a board in another county or city should issue a three- 
year certificate on such a three-year certificate, the certif- 
icate thus issued would be renewable on the same conditions 
that the certificate on which it was based would have been 



25 

renewable. To this end all certificates and renewals must 
show under what law they were issued. 
'j'j . A certificate ceases to he renezmhle if applicafiom is not 
made within four months after its expiration. Renewals 
by boards of examiners after May i, 1915, must all be 
dated the first of September following the granting of the 
renewal. Those issued before that date should be made 
valid from the date of application for renewal for the given 
period from the first of September, 1914. 

78. Three-year certificates granted by examination under the 
new law, that is, subsequent to the May examination in 
1914, are renewable twice only at the discretion of the 
county examiners. Additional high school or normal train- 
ing are not required by law as prerequisites for such re- 
newals. A renewal or refusal to renew should be de- 
termined primarily by the knowledge of the teacher pos- 
sessed by the examiners. If the renewal of a three-year 
certificate is refused, and the teacher has already held three 
one-year certificates under the new law, the teacher cannot 
secure a certificate again even by examination. A teacher 
deemed unworthy of such renewal by the county examiners 
would very likely be refused a state certificate even if the 
necessary credits for such had meanwhile been secured. 
If a teacher who is refused a renewal of a three-year cer- 
tificate had not already held three one-year certificates 
under the new law, that teacher might take the examina- 
tion (provided the teacher had the prerequisites in efl^ect 
at that date) and secure another one-year certificate. 

79. One-year certificates without examination granted by 
county boards of examiners to those who have completed 
one year's work in an approved normal school may be re- 
newed for either one year or three years at the discretion 
of the county board of examiners. Such a certificate may 
be renewed twice for one year, and then three times for 
three years each. But if the certificate is renewed for three 
years the first or second time of renewal, it can be renewed 
but twice more (for three years each time). The principles 
which should govern the examiners in passing on these cases 
are the same as outlined in paragraphs yi and 78 above. 
Furthermore, if the teacher holding such a certificate al- 



26 

ready had taught on a certificate granted by examination 
under the new law, the number of years taught on that 
certificate should be subtracted from the twelve years 
which it might otherwise be possible to keep alive the cer- 
tificate without examination by renewing it. Additional in- 
formation on such cases is found in section 6i above. Such 
a certificate transferred to another county may be made 
the basis of a new certificate in that county, which may be 
renewed for like periods ; the total number of renewals 
should not exceed the number to which the teacher would 
have been eligible without changing counties. 

CITY CERTIFICATES. 

80. Only those municipalities classed as cities have boards of 
examiners apart from the county boards of examiners. The 
certificates issued by a city board of examiners are valid 
only in the giyen city school district. County certificates 
in a county are not valid in the cities located in the county. 

81 . State certificates and renezi*als of county and city certificates 
are valid in all school districts of the State, city districts 
included. 

82'. Superintendents and high school principals and high school 
teachers must hold high school certificates. Principals of 
elementary school buildings are required to hold elementary 
certificates only. Teachers teaching part time in high school 
and part time in elementary school should hold both cer- 
tificates. 

83. The superintendent of schools is a member and is clerk of 
the city board of school examiners. 

84. At least tdvo meetings of a city board of examiners is held 
each year, notice of the time and place of which must be 
published in some newspaper circulated in the district. The 
examinations must be held in some school building in the 
district. 

85. No person under eighteen years of age can be granted any 
teacher's certificate or be admitted to an examination for a 
teacher's certificate. 

86. Five- and eight-year city certificates are valid in all cities 
of the State. However the laws providing for the issuing 



27 

of such certificates have been repealed, but the existing 
certificates continue vahd as before. Renewals of these 
certificates are made valid in all school districts of the 
State as explained below in sections 104 and 105. 

87. The moral character of all applicants is to be passed upon 
by the examiners. They may refuse certifica.tes to those 
whose characters are not satisfactory. 

88. The date on zvhich a certificate becomes valid is by law the 
first day of September following the examination. If a 
certificate is needed from the time of the examination to 
the first day of the following September there is no section 
of the law definitely providing for it. It is recommended 
that in such a. case a temporary certificate be issued so valid 
to one who has passed the examination successfully, but 
that two certificates, one regular and one temporary, be 
not issued on the same examination. It is desired on this 
account that no city examinations be held in September. 
and it is hoped that the contingency just mentioned will 
seldom arise. 

89. The fee for applicants for city certificates is not specified 
by law, but the fee commonly collected is fifty cents, the fee 
prescribed by law for applicants for county certificates. 

Certificates by Examination: 

90. The standards of qualifications oi teachers may by law be 
determined by the city boards of examiners. High school 
and normal training and a practical test in actual teaching 
are not prescribed by law as prerequisites for entering a 
city examination as they are for entering a county examina- 
tion. However most city boards of examiners or city 
boards of education have set standards higher than those 

■ now set for county certificate applicants. Besides the law 
prescribes that a city board of examiners may enter any 
school in the district to investigate a teacher's qualifications. 

91 . Questions used in city examinations are prepared by the 
city examiners. They are permitted by law to employ other 
persons to prepare questions in branches in which they do 
not feel well qualified to write lists. The Department of 
Public Instruction has made arrangements with some city 
boards of examiners for the holding of city examinations 



28 

on the same days as county examinations of certain months, 
and in those cases transmits under seal to city superintend- 
ents as clerks of boards of city examiners sets of the same 
questions as are used in the county examinations. 
g2. All papers! are graded by the members of the board of ex- 
aminers unless an expert was appointed to conduct exam- 
inations in some particular branch. Certificates should be 
signed by the members of the board. of examiners. An ap- 
peal from the grades given by the board may be made to 
the Superintendent of Public Instruction under the same 
conditions as an appeal from the findings of a county board 
of examiners, as explained in section 51 of this bulletin. 

93 . The grades required for one-year certificates and the grades 
and experience required for three-year certificates are de- 
termined by the rules of the city boards of examiners. In 
section 42 of this bulletin may be found the grades generally 
adopted by county boards of examiners upon the recom- 
mendation of this Department. 

94. The number of one-year and three-year city certificates 
that may be issued to one person is not limited by law, as 
is the case with county certificates. 

95. A city examination usually occupies tzvo consecutive days. 
The applicants are therefore usually not permitted to take 
part of the subjects at one examination and part at a suc- 
cessive examination. This also makes it inconvenient for 
city boards to use the questions prepared by the Depart- 
ment of Public Instruction. 

96. Applicants for elementary certificates are examined in or- 
thography, reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar 
and composition, geography, history of the United States, 
physiology including narcotics, literature, elementary ag- 
riculture, and the theory and practice of teaching. • But 
boards of examiners may, at their discretion, require an 
examination also in drawing, music or German, if such sub- 
jects are a part of the regular work of the teacher. 

97. Applicants for high school certificates are examined in al- 
gebra, rhetoric, physics, the theory and practice of teaching. 

• and at least three branches selected by the applicant from 
the following: literature, general history, physiology in- 
cluding narcotics, Latin, German, civil government, ge- 



29 

ometry, physical geography, botany, chemistry, and high 
school agriculture. A holder of a State elementary certif- 
icate applying for a city high school certificate shall be 
given credit without examination in the subjects on which 
he was examined for the State certificate. A high school 
teacher's certificate does not necessarily carry grades in the 
subjects which the teacher is teaching. 

98. Applicants for special certificates are examined in the 
special subject or subjects and in the theory and practice of 
teaching. 

Certificates Without Examination: 

99. Tew,porar.y certificates without examination may be issued 
between examinations valid only until the next examination 
held by the board. 

100. Certificates issued by other city or county boards of exam- 
iners may be presented to a city board of examiners for 
recognition. At their discretion they may issue a certificate 
in their own city district, without examination, to the 
holder of such a certificate. Further regulations regarding 
such action are found in sections 63 and y6 of this bulletin. 

loi . A former law, which provided that a city board of school 
examiners might make regulations to grant certificates to 
graduates of normal schools and colleges on examination in 
theory and practice of teaching and science of education 
only, expired by repeal May 19, 1914. It was required that 
such certificates be issued first for one year, but that they 
might be renewed for longer terms. Original certificates 
issued under this law are not renewable under present laws, 
but two- or three-year certificates already granted as renew- 
als of such certificates may be renewed at the discretion of 
the examiners upon evidence of five years of experience in 
teaching in public school. 

102. The fact that this law is repealed indicates that the legisla- 
ture has taken away from city boards of examiners all 
power to issue certificates of any kind on college credentials. 

103. The new forms of certificates treated in sections 58, 59 and 
60 of this bulletin may be issued only by county boards 
of examiners, and when so issued are not valid in city dis- 
tricts, unless recognized as noted in section too above. 



30 

Renewals of Certificates: 

104. Fke- and eight-year certificates are renewable by the Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction of Ohio, provided the 
teacher has taught successfully until the time of renewal. 
These five- and eight-year certificates were under the old 
law professional certificates, and they are valid in any city 
of the State. The renewals are valid in any school district 
of the State. 

105. For further regulations and directions regarding these re- 
newals see sections 65 to 71 of this bulletin. As drawing, 
music and German are statutory branches for city cer- 
tificates, they are named on the renewal if they were in- 
cluded on the original certificate. As agriculture was not 
a required branch for city teachers when these certificates 
were issued it is not required for renewal. 

106. Two- and three-year certificates granted under the old law, 
that is, granted previous to May 19, 1914, are renewed b\- 
city boards of examiners, but can only be .renewed in case 
the holder gives proof of five years' successful teaching 
experience. The. renewals of these certificates are entirely 
at the discretion of the city boards of examiners of the 
respective cities in which the certificates wei^^e issued. The 
law does not require normal or high school training as a 
prerequisite for such renewals. A renewal or refusal to 
renew should be determined primarily by the knowledge of 
the teacher possessed by the examiners, and not by an 
examination as in theory and practice, although the latter 
might be used to settle a doubtful case. 

107. A certificate ceases to be renewable if application is not 
made within four months after its expiration. Renewals 
by boards of examiners after May i, 191 5, must all be dated 
the first of September following the; granting of the re- 
newal. Those issued before that date should be made valid 
from the date of application for renewal for the given 
period from the first of September, 1914. 

108. Special certificates granted under the old law, as well as 
elementary and high school certificates, may be renewed as 
explained in the preceding paragraph. 

[09. The law places no limit upon the number of renewals of 
these certificates issued under the old law that may be 



3t 

granted, In case the teacher has had five years of successful 
experience at the time of the first renewal after May 19, 
1914. 

no. Renewals of certificates issued on certificates secured from 
other boards of examiners are treated in Section 76 of this 
bulletin. 

III. One-year or three-year certificates granted by examination 
under the new law, that is subsequent to May 19, 1914, are 
renewable twice only at the discretion of the city examiners. 
One-year certificates should be renewed each time for one 
year, and three-year certificates for three years. If ad- 
ditional certificates were later secured by examinations thev 
misfht likewise be renewed. 



APPENDIX A. 



FORM PRESCRIBED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF 

PUBLIC INSTRUCTION FOR TESTS IN ACTUAL 

TEACHING PROVIDED FOR IN SECTION 

7825, GENERAL CODE. 

I. PUPILS TO BE TAUGHT 

The pupils to be taught in any teaching test must, if pos- 
sible, be not fewer than three in number. 

They must: be taught in a subject that they are regularly 
pursuing. They should be taught in a lesson coming in its nat- 
ural sequence in the book or course, or which has been chosen 
by a regular or competent teacher as a suitable lesson. 

The lesson should be one previously assigned, and on which 
the pupils have had the usual opportunity for preparation, 

II. STYLE OF SUPERVISION OR CRITICISM 

The lesson must be given in the usual environment of the 
class to be taught. The applicant tested must proceed without 
further ceremony than a mere word of introduction on the part 
of the supervisor or acting critic teacher. No assistance is to be 
rendered the applicant tested unless it be help in designating 
pupils. All required material must be seen to beforehand by the 
applicant to be tested. 

By law the acting critic teacher referred tO' above may be 
"a member of the board of examiners, a local supervisor, a 
teacher of method, or any other competent person authorized by 
the county board of school examiners to make such test." 

III. SUBJECTS 

The subjects to be used in teaching tests for elementary 
teachers shall be reading, and any two of the following chosen 
by the acting critic teacher: arithmetic, geography, physiology, 
history, grammar, agriculture. The subjects to be used in teach- 
ing tests for high school teachers shall be any three subjects 
chosen by the applicant. 

32 



33 



IV. DURATION 



Each lesson which serves as a teaching test for an applicant 
for an elementary certificate shall occupy not less than ten nor 
more than twenty-five minutes including the time of assignment 
of the next lesson. A lesson which serves as the teaching test 
for an applicant for a high school certificate shall occupy not less 
than twenty minutes. In each case the applicant tested shall have 
a day's notice of the time at disposal. 

V. ASSIGNMENT OF TEST LESSON 

If the school is not the one being regularly taught by the 
applicant tested, the applicant must have visited it the preceding 
day and must have heard the assignment of the lesson to be 
taught. 

VI. ORDER 

The order of, pupils not in the class, who are not the pupils 
of the applicant tested, and whose work for the period was not 
assigned by the applicant tested shall not be considered in the 
scoring of the test. 

VIII. TIME OF HOLDING 

By law "applicants without previous teaching experience 
may be given such class room test in the practice department 
of any recognized summer school." Recognized summer schools 
may therefore arrange to carry on and score such teaching tests. 

It is preferable that the teaching tests in other cases be 
given in the room already taught by the applicant, as the entire 
atmosphere maintained by the teacher may then be of assistance 
and should be considered in forming the estimate. 

The three tests may be all given at the same session or may 
be given at different sessions. They may all be with the same 
class or they may be with dift'erent classes. 

Three consecutive scored lessons must be counted ; an ap- 
])]icant cannot get credit for the three best out of four or more. 

Each lesson shall be separately scored and the total of scores 
divided by three shall determine the applicant's grade. 



34 

If an applicant fails to make the requisite grade in the teach- 
ing tests, no further test shall be given for four weeks after the 
last one of the three which counted in the grade. 

Teachers shall notify county superintendents sixty days be- 
fore the date of the written examination, if practicable, of the 
intention to take such examination. Failure to give such notice 
thirty days before taking the last half of the examination relieves 
the board of examiners of responsibility if they cannot arrange 
such teaching tests. In no case can the board of examiners be 
responsible if such test cannot be arranged for if notice of the 
desire to take the examination during the summer is not given 
sixty days before the rural schools adjourn for summer vacation 

VIII. METHOD OF SCORING 

The following shall be the weights in scoring the teaching 
tests : 

Perfect 
Consideration. grade % 

A'bility to command sustained attention 10 

Success in relating subject to child's former lessons and 

experience 7 

Correctness of speech and position on part of teacher and 

enforcement of correct speech and position of pupil 10 

Enforcement of accuracy of statement 7 

Ability to provoke thought and develop thought relations 10 

Skill in assignment of next lesson 10 

Complete occupation of time 5 

Success in avoiding distraction and petty disorder 3 

Proper modulation of voice 3 

Skill in questioning and in drawing forth full answers 10 

Skill in use of blackboard and apparatus 3 

Ability to amplify and illustrate facts 8 

Organization of material into a connected whole 7 

Relating of lesson to life needs 7 

Total per cent 100 

Less discount for any serious fault not clearly covered 
in score above, namely, etc x 

Net score , , , xx 



35 



IX. METHOD OF CERTIFYING AND EMPLOYING THE RESULTS OF 

THE TEST 

The score of each test shall be on a form furnished by the 
Superintendent of Public Instruction. The score shall have a 
space on which the applicant shall certify the date, place, subject 
and acting critic teacher of the last preceding practice teaching 
test given him or her. 

The score card shall be made out in duplicate. One copy 
shall be given the applicant and one filed with the institution or 
board to which the acting critic teacher belongs or by which the 
acting critic teacher was delegated. 

Such test shall be of eiTect as a practical test for an applicant 
at any examination of teachers held within one year. 



APPENDIX B. 



FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF PRACTICAL TEACHING 

TEST FURNISHED BY SUPERINTENDENT 

OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 

state of ohio. 
Practical Teaching Test Certificate. 

(To be filled by applicant) 

, Ohio , 19.... 

This certifies that the last practical test in actual teaching on which I 

was marked was given , 19 at 

(name and 

; that the subject of instruction was 



location of school) 
; and that the acting critic teacher was. 



(Signature of Applicant) 



(To be filled b}^ acting critic teacher) 

, , 19.... 

This certifies that was 

this day given a practical test in actual teaching in 

(Subject) 

at and that I rate her 

(Name and location of School) 

ability as fqllows : 

Perfect Applicanfs 
Consideration grade. grade. 

1. Ability to command sustained attention 10 

2. Success in relating subject to child's former les- 
sons and experience 7 



36 



Z7 



3. Ability to provoke thought and develop thought 
relations 10 

4. Skill in questioning and drawing forth full an- 
swers 10 

5. Ability to amplify and illustrate facts 8 

6. Organization of material into a connected whole. 7 

7. Enforcement of accuracy of statement 7 

8. Correctness of speech and position of teacher and 
enforcement of correct speech and position of 
pupil 10 

9. Complete occupation of time 5 

10. Success in avoiding distraction and petty disorder 3 

11. Proper modulation of voice 3 

12. Skill in use of blackboard and apparatus 3 

13. Relating school work to life needs 7 

14. Skill in assignment of next lesson 10 

Total per cent 100 

Less discount for any serious fault not clearly 
covered in score above, namely, 



Total deducted : 
Net score : 



(Signature) 

(Office) 

^delegation by county board of school 

Authorized to give such test J examiners of County. 

by virtue of j position as critic teacher in 

\ a recognized summer school. 



APPENDIX C. 



The following t!etails which pertain to the various general 
heads on which a teacher is marked in the practical test in actual 
teaching are published as suggestions to the teacher, to help the 
teacher discern his points of weakness and strength* ; they are 
not printed with the intent that acting critic teachers use them 
in the immediate marking of a teacher. 

1. Ability to command sustained attention. 

Is good attention secured and held? 

Is the teacher's manner decided? Enthusiastic? Poised? 

Does she keep her entire class in the margin of consciousness ? 

Is the teacher reasonable and tolerant? 

Are the pupils energetic? Responsive? 

Are the pupils encouraged? 

Do pupils ask pertinent questions? 

2. Success in relating subject to child's former lessons and experience. 

Are essential reviews given? 

Does teacher avoid telling wrhat pupils should discover? 

Are associations and comparisons made by connections with 

things in the pupils' knowledge and experience? By appealing 

to their knowledge and judgment? 

Is the teacher resourceful? 

Is the material kept within the pupils' comprehension? 

Do pupils seem well grounded in previous work? 

3. Ability to provoke thought and develop thought relations. 

Does the teacher avoid unnecessary telling? 

Are topical recitations used? 

Is adherence to the book by teacher avoided? 

Are vital points emphasized? 

Are pupils discouraged from reciting in words of book? 

Are the pupils led to show exactness and thought by questions 

of How? Why? When? Where? 

Do pupils take the initiative? 

Is the work systematic? 

4. Skill in questioning and drawing forth full answers. 

Are questions prompt? Clear? Concise? Logical? 
Are questions asked before naming pupil? 
Are questions properly distributed? 



* See Normal School Bulletin, August, 1914, pages 70-71, also Form 
23, prepared by Department of Public Instruction for scoring teachers. 

38 



39 

Is repetition of pupils' answers avoided? 

Are full statements secured? 

Are other means of expression than oral expression provided? 

Were pupils prompt in rising and responding? 

Can most pupils answer? 

Negative. 
Were questions obviously suggested by the book? 
Were interruptions by holding up hands permitted? 
Are non-essential errors too much emphasized? 
Are answers to questions suggested? 
Arc questions anszvered by "yes" or "no"? 

5. Ability to amplify and illustrate facts. 

Does the teacher show careful preparation? 

Docs the teacher show originality? 

Is her language efifective? 

Does she keep clear the purpose of the lesson? 

Is there discrimination between essentials and non-essentials? 

Are pupils' difficulties cleared? 

Does the illustrative material stimulate initiative of pupils? 

Negative. 
Is the teacher too talkative? 

n. Organization of material into a connected whole. 
Is the teaching fixed on essentials? 
Are the pupils required to organize material? 
Are pupils left with a clear idea of the purpose of the lesson? 
Are important points fully developed ? 
Is the knowledge generalized? 

Negative. 
Is the teaching rambling? 

7. Enforcement of accuracy of statement. 
Is there sufficient drill? 
Are answers fluent? 
Can pupils test their own solutions? 

Negatii'e. 

Do l^npils talk unnecessarily nr ivithonl pminl .' 
Are replies badly zvorded? 
Do pupils speak indistinctly? 

H. Correctness of speech and position of teacher ai.d enforcement of 
correct speech and position of pupil. 
Is t'he teacher neat? 
Ts thp teacjier dignified? 



40 

Is the teacher graceful? 

Is the teacher courteous? 

Does the teacher speak distinctly? 

Are the teacher's statements simple and easily understood ? 

Are mistakes in pupils' language corrected? 

Do pupils sit well? Stand well? 

Are postures demanded easy and hygienic? 

Are the pupils required to be clean? 

Negative. 
Arc mistakes in language made by teacherf 

9. Complete occupation of time. 

Are material and devices all ready? 

Are they distributed quickly? 

Are classes called and dismissed promptly? 

Negative. 

Is there delay because response is not secured? 

Is there delay because the teacher has no lesson outline? 

Is the teacher slow to react? 

Is time lost through teacher's nervousness? 

Through lack of concentration of teacher? 

10. Success in avoiding distraction and petty' disorder. 

Is class moved quickly and without confusion? 

Are pupils at seat quiet? Diligent? 

Does teacher at once exact compliance with directions? 

How would you grade on general governing power? 

Is attention paid to atmosphere and temperature? 

11. Proper modulation of voice. 

Clearness of tone. 

Distinctness of enunciation. 

Low or medium pitch. 

Expressiveness. 

Is tone soft or moderate (not loud) ? 
1"_'. Skill in use of blackboard and apparatus. 

Arc devices well adapted? 

Is work of pupils on board neat and orderly? 

Is the work cif the teric'her a good model? 

Is apparatus and material cared for? 

Can teacher make good sketches on board? Diagrams? 

Does the teacher manipulate apparatus well? 

Docs the teacher get main point by use? 
Kl Relating school work to life needs. 

Is teacher sympathetic? 

Devoted to work and pupils? 

Is the room tidv and attractive? 



41 

Are pupils effectively taught care of property? 

Are pupils persuaded to persevere? 

Is the pupils' originality developed ? 

Does teacher have interest in community? 

Is teacher a social help to pupils? 

Are manners taug'ht? 

Is work adapted to pupils' future needs? 

Is work adapted to pupils' present needs? 

Is pupils' resourcefulness developed? 
14. Skill it.' assignment of next lesson. 

Was assignment related to present lesson? 

Was it definite and clear? 

Was sufficient time given to it? 

Was the proper amount of material selected? 

Was it such that pupils could attack it intelligently? 

Did it leave pupils eager to attack it? 



42 



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PL, 



PUBLICATIONS OF DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC IN- 
STRUCTION. 



Facts Concerning the New School Code. 

Fundamentals of Physics, Chemistry and Bacteriology in Agriculture. 

Guide to Safety. 

High School Bulletin and Directory. 

High School Standards. 

Letter to Gov. Cox (by H. G. Williams). 

Library and Apparatus for High Schools. 
*Manual of Uniform Course of Study. 

New School Legislation. 

Normal School Bulletin. 

Planning and Adorning the Farmstead and School Grounds. 

Report, Annual Report of Superintendent of 'Public Instruction. 

Report of School Survey Commission. 

Report of the State School Book Commission. 

Reports and Other Printed Matter. 

Requirements for Standardized Elementary Schools. 

Review of Educational Progress in Ohio (Vance). 

Roster of County Superintendents. 

School Laws, 1912. 

School Laws, Advance Sheets. 
♦Uniform Course of Study in Elementary Agriculture. 
♦Uniform Course of Studv in High School Agriculture. 



* Temporarily out of print. 

43 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 763 666 A 



